Notes on the Nests of \u3ci\u3eAugochloropsis metallica fulgida\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eMegachile mucida\u3c/i\u3e in Central Michigan (Hymenoptera: Halictidae, Megachilidae)

Notes on the nesting biology of two ground-nesting species are provided from Central Michigan. A single nest of Augochloropsis metallica fulgida was excavated on 12 July 2014 in Shiawassee County. There were two female nest inhabitants. Examination of mandibular wear, wing wear and ovarial development suggests one female was acting as a worker caste. Also, a nesting aggregation of Megachile mucida was observed in Ingham County. Information on nest architecture and cell construction is based on excavations of several nests during 7–15 June 2014. Megachile mucida is recorded as a new host species for the cleptoparasite Coelioxys sodalis. This is the first record of M. mucida in Michigan, additional collection records of this species in Michigan are also reported

Hylaeus (Hylaeana) dominicalis, a new species and the first colletid bee recorded from Dominica, Lesser Antilles

A new species of colletid bee, Hylaeus (Hylaeana) dominicalis Gibbs, new species, is described and figured from the Commonwealth of Dominica. The new species can be distinguished from consubgeneric species in the Caribbean Islands based on the integumental coloration, facial fovea, and pubescence. A list of all known Hylaeus from the Caribbean Islands is provided

A new species, Lasioglossum (Eickwortia) hienae, from Mexico (Apoidea: Halictidae)

A new species from Colima, Mexico, Lasioglossum (Eickwortia) hienae Gibbs & Dumesh, new species, is described and illustrated.  Lasioglossum hienae is distinguished from related species based on a combination of morphological, geographical, and molecular evidence.  A species distribution model is used to predict the potential distribution of the known species of L. (Eickwortia).  An identification key is provided

Capalictus, a new subgenus of Lasioglossum Curtis, 1833 from South Africa, with description of three new species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae)

Capalictus, a new subgenus of Lasioglossum Curtis, 1833 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae), endemic to the South African Cape Province, is described. The type species is Halictus mosselinus Cockerell, 1945. Evylaeus (Sellalictus) fynbosensis (Pauly et al., 2008) is a new junior synonym of L. (C.) mosselinum. Three new species are described: Lasioglossum (Capalictus) hantamense sp. nov., L. (C.) tigrinum sp. nov. and L. (C.) timmermanni sp. nov. DNA sequence data from three nuclear genes support morphologically-determined species limits. Capalictus is a basal clade of the Hemihalictus series of Lasioglossum

Halictus hedini hedini (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) newly recorded from Japan, revealed by DNA barcoding and morphology

Halictus hedini hedini Blüthgen is newly recorded from Japan. The species had been previously mistaken for the Holarctic species H. rubicundus (Christ), which is removed from the Japanese fauna. Halictus hedini hedini was previously known from Eastern and Central Asia. Halictus hedini hedini is similar to H. rubicundus, but is separated by the first metasomal tergum with coarse and deep punctures in both sexes and the male flagellum ventrally with a fringe of short hairs. A key to Japanese species of Halictus is provided. DNA barcodes, phenology, and floral records from Japan are reported

Epeoloides pilosulus (Cresson) Rediscovered in Michigan, with Notes on the Distribution and Status of its Macropis hosts.

Epeoloides pilosulus (Cresson 1878) is one of the rarest bees in North America with only a handful of records since 1960. The last collection in Michigan was made in 1944. Epeoloides pilosulus is a brood parasite of Macropis bees, which until recently had not been collected in Michigan for several decades. Bee surveys in Midland County, Michigan have led to the rediscovery of E. pilosulus in this state – the first record in 74 years. Michigan becomes the fourth state where E. pilosulus has been rediscovered after Connecticut in 2006, New York in 2014 and Maine in 2016, and the sixth region in North America after Nova Scotia in 2002 and Alberta in 2010. State-wide bee surveys have also shown that the principal host, Macropis nuda (Provancher 1882), remains widespread in Michigan, and that Macropis patellata Patton 1880 is newly recorded for the state

Environment and Policy Factors Shaping E-Commerce Diffusion: A Cross-Country Comparison

The growing use of the Internet and e-commerce for conducting business is being driven by global and national forces. Many firms are being driven toward greater adoption of e-commerce by global competitive pressures, which some suggest will lead to a global networked economy. On the other hand, firms are also being driven by national environmental and policy factors, which are both drivers and inhibitors of e-commerce diffusion. A key question is whether the continuing diffusion of e-commerce will lead to a single homogeneous global market or whether national market niches create special business opportunities and barriers that affect innovation outcomes. This paper identifies and discusses major environmental and policy related factors that influence e-commerce diffusion across and within countries. It is based upon case studies in 10 countries representing both developed and developing countries in each of three major world regions. Although e-commerce is still in its infancy, this preliminary analysis indicates that diffusion is an uneven process across countries and industries. Certain countries and industries are driving the process while others lag behind. Digital divides are evident both between and within developed and developing countries. Moreover, local differences in e-commerce are evident between countries, suggesting that the diffusion process is strongly shaped by national environments and policy rather than following a universal trajectory

Atypical Wing Venation in Dialictus

The subgeneric classification of hundreds of species in Lasioglossum Curtis sensu lato is currently unstable due to differing opinions on the suitability of wing venation characters for differentiating subgenera. The subgenera Dialictus Robertson and Hemihalictus were both originally defined primarily by the forewing having two submarginal cells. I present examples of variation in submarginal cell number in the type species of these two subgenera: L. (Dialictus) anomalum (Robertson) and L. (Hemihalictus) lustrans (Cockerell). These results suggest that submarginal cell number is insufficient for recognizing subgenera in Lasioglossum. The variability of this character is used to refute the classification proposed by some authors that Chloralictus Robertson, but not Dialictus, be synonymised with Evylaeus Robertson

Introduction to the Special Volume on Globalization and E-Commerce

The ten papers in this special volume of CAIS focus on environmental and policy influences on the diffusion of e-commerce in selected countries in the Americas, Asia-Pacific, and Europe. They are part of a multi-year, multi-country study entitled, Impacts of Electronic Commerce in the Global Networked Economy: A Multi-Country Stud

First records of Hylaeus (Paraprosopis) pictipes Nylander, 1852 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) in North America

Cavity-nesting bees, such as members of the genus Hylaeus Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Colletidae), are prone to accidental introductions by human-mediated transportation. The first records of Hylaeus (Paraprosopis) pictipes Nylander, 1852 in North America are reported. Hylaeus pictipes is a European species newly discovered from Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; Meadville, Pennsylvania, USA; and Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Notes on its identification and a discussion of exotic bees in North America are provided